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61.
19种防治棉叶螨药剂室内毒力测定及安全性评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
室内毒力测定结果表明:阿维菌素对棉叶螨活性最高,唑螨酯、哒螨灵、甲氨基阿维菌素、四螨嗪次之;其它药剂对棉叶螨杀螨活性依次为多杀菌素、甲氰菊酯、浏阳霉素、联苯菊酯、倍硫磷、三氯杀螨醇、双甲脒、噻螨酮、克螨特、毒死蜱、喹硫磷、氯氟氰菊酯、对硫磷和伏杀硫磷。哒螨灵、阿维菌素、四螨嗪和唑螨酯对棉叶螨有极高选择性;浏阳霉素、多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、噻螨酮、克螨特、三氯杀螨醇、双甲脒、倍硫磷和甲氰菊酯次之;喹硫磷、氯氟氰菊酯、对硫磷和伏杀硫磷则无选择性。阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素对中红侧沟茧蜂影响最小。 相似文献
62.
63.
【目的】研究N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对鸡的急性毒性,评价该药的安全性;【方法】以最大浓度的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(10.5%),按20ml/(kg·bw)(2.1g/(kg·bw)/次)剂量24h内给鸡灌服;【结果】给药后连续观察7天,各组试验鸡全部存活,临床、剖检均未见到异常变化,测不出LD50,根据新药审批办法中关于急性毒性的要求,进行最大耐受量的测定。鸡灌服给予N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的最大耐受量为10.5g/(kg·bw),相当于临床拟用量的3500倍;【结论】N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖毒副作用很小,临床可以安全应用。 相似文献
64.
65.
给昆明种雌性小白鼠经口灌服飞机草水提物,用改良寇氏法测定了飞机草全草的急性LD50;另取一批小白鼠,每隔3d分别用浓度为5g/ml、2.5g/ml、1.25g/ml和0.625g/ml的飞机草水提物经口灌服一次,共灌服5次,进行试验期为35d的飞机草亚急性毒性试验。结果发现,飞机草全草水提物对昆明种雌性小白鼠的急性LD50为227091.02mg/kg,95%可信限为227090.96-227091.07mg/kg,即飞机草水提物对昆明种雌性小白鼠实际无毒。但飞机草具有亚急性毒性作用,供试小白鼠出现中毒体征和病理学变化,且亚急性毒性作用随着飞机草水提物浓度的增大和试验时间的延长而增强。 相似文献
66.
Summary The growth and yield of seven wheat and two barley cultivars or lines, previously found to show different degrees of boron tolerance under field conditions, were compared in a pot experiment at a range of soil boron treatments. Soil treatments ranged up to 150 mg/kg applied B. Extractable B in soils ranged up to 103 mg/kg.At the highest B treatment seedling emergence was delayed, but the percentage emergence was not reduced. The degree of boron toxicity symptom expression varied between the wheat cultivars and lines, with the two most tolerant, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12, displaying the least symptoms.The concentration of boron applied to the soil which produced a significant depression of growth and yield varied between cultivars. For example, the yield of (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 was not affected at the 100 mg/kg applied boron treatment, while the grain yield for (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 was significantly reduced at the 25 mg/kg treatment.There was a linear increase in boron concentration in tillers at the boot-stage with increasing concentration of boron in the soil. The most boron tolerant genotypes had the lowest tissue boron concentrations in each of the treatments. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had approximately half the boron concentrations of the more sensitive genotypes at the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatments. Differential tolerance of boron within the tissue was also observed. Both Stirling and (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 had significantly reduced total dry matter and grain yields at the 25 mg/kg treatment, while the concentrations of boron in boot stage tillers at this treatment were 118 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had tissue boron concentrations of 144 and 131 mg/kg, respectively, at the 50 mg/kg treatment but yield was unaffected.The relative responses in the pot experiment, for wheat, were in close agreement with field results. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had the highest grain yields, with the lowest concentrations of boron in the grain when grown under high boron conditions in the field. In pots these two genotypes proved to be the most tolerant of boron. For barley the advantage in grain yield in the field, expressed by WI-2584 compared with Stirling, was not repeated in pots. WI-2584 was, however, more tolerant than Stirling on the basis of total dry matter production.The results show that useful variation in boron tolerance exists among wheat, and that breeding should be able to provide cultivars tolerant to high levels of boron. 相似文献
67.
Sui-Kwong Yau 《Euphytica》2002,123(3):307-314
Three plastic-house experiments were conducted to compare the tolerance of European with West Asian and North African (WANA)
winter barleys to boron (B) toxicity. Experiment I screened 24 winter barley entries with diverse origins. Experiment III
tested 420 random accessions from seven European and seven WANA countries. Plants were screened in a soil mixed with boric
acid (50 mg B/kg) and foliar B-toxicity symptom scores were recorded. Lower scores indicated higher B-toxicity tolerance.
In Experiment II, five lines/varieties from each of the European and WANA groups were grown in pots with two soil B levels
(0 and 25 mg B/kg). The West Asian landrace barleys had a lower mean B-toxicity symptom score than the European ones. The
Syrian landrace variety normally grown in drier areas had a lower score than the Syrian landrace variety grown in wetter areas.
Dry weights of the European and WANA groups were not different without adding B, but dry weight under 25 mg B/kg was lower
for the European group than the WANA group. European accessions had a higher mean B-toxicity symptom score than the WANA accessions.
Iranian and Afghan accessions had the lowest mean scores among countries. These results support the hypothesis that European
winter barley varieties and accessions are less tolerant to B toxicity than those WANA accessions and varieties developed
from local landraces. The lower B-toxicity tolerance could be a factor adversely affecting the performance of European winter
barley varieties in the highlands of WANA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
68.
钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO3)2 decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone. 相似文献
69.
长江三角洲地区城市污泥对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用滤纸法和自然土壤法测定了长江三角洲地区城市污泥及其与青紫泥混合后对蚯蚓的急性致死效应及慢性毒性效应。结果表明:滤纸法测定的污泥对蚯蚓的毒性症状出现快且严重,不同污泥对蚯蚓的毒性大小差别较大,致死中浓度(LC50)相对应的污泥与水比值(Rsw-LC50)范围在0.0010~0.0242之间。在供试的城市污泥中,上海贮泥池污泥对蚯蚓的毒性最大,上海脱水污泥5对蚯蚓的毒性最小。自然土壤法测定的污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性结果为:所有处理蚯蚓死亡率均为0,各污泥处理对蚯蚓体重增长率的影响差别不大,个别污泥处理蚯蚓体重增长率比对照处理低,即对蚯蚓的体重有负增长影响。与滤纸法各处理相比,中毒症状较轻微,仅极个别中毒症状较明显。与污泥的水浸液相比,污泥与土壤作用后对蚯蚓的毒性大大降低。 相似文献
70.
Effects of preemergence and postemergence herbicides on urea hydrolysis and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of 5 and 50 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil of nine preemergence and nine postemergence herbicides on transformations of urea N in soil was studied in samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils incubated aerobically at 20°C. The effects of each herbicide on soil urea transformations was measured by determining the amounts of urea hydrolyzed and the amounts of NO
inf3
sup-
and NO
inf2
sup-
produced at various times after treatment with urea. Applied at the rate of 5 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil, none of the herbicides retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils used, but four of the postemergence herbicides (acifluorfen, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop ethyl) retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils. All the herbicides tested except siduron retarded nitrification in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at 50 mg of urea N active ingredient kg-1 soil, and fenoxaprop ethyl and tridiphane markedly retarded nitrification of urea N in all four of the soils when applied at this rate. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 18 herbicides tested on nitrification of urea N in soil increased with a decrease in the organic-matter content and an increase in the sand content of the soil.
Present address: Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 相似文献